Analysis of endorphin massage and deep breathing relaxation on reducing back pain in pregnant women

Sat, 13 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

One of the physiological problems that pregnant women often complain about is back pain. Lack of treatment by pregnant women in overcoming back pain causes mothers to feel anxious and worried. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of endorphin massage and deep breathing relaxation on reducing back pain in pregnant women. This study design was pre-experimental, with a two-group pretest-posttest approach. Respondents were taken using a purposive sampling technique with a sample of 30 respondents. The independent variables were endorphin massage and deep breathing relaxation and the dependent variable was the reduction in back pain. The results of the statistical test used an independent t-test. The results showed that before the endorphin massage, most pregnant women experienced severe back pain, as many as 10 respondents (66.6%), and after the endorphin massage, it was known that almost all respondents had no pain, as many as 14 respondents (93.3%). Almost all respondents before the deep breathing relaxation experienced severe pain, as many as 14 respondents (93.3%), and after the deep breathing relaxation, most respondents had no pain, as many as 11 respondents (73.3%). The data analysis results showed a significance level of 0.000 < α = 0.05, so H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. This means that endorphin massage and deep breathing relaxation have an effect on reducing back pain in pregnant women because they can promote relaxation and minimize the sensation of pain.

A review of the effectiveness of chlorogenic acid in green coffee for human health

Aliyah Fahmi, Epi Supri Wardi — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a polyphenolic compound produced in certain plants, one of which is coffee. Green coffee has a higher CGA number than other types of coffee of the same weight. CGA is a compound that has been shown to be the main component of green coffee. The benefits of CGA as a healthy ingredient have been demonstrated in many studies. This review describes the effectiveness of green coffee CGA in reducing the number of illnesses that are dangerous to human health. In related literature, the effects of CGA have been reported in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials. CGA research in clinical trials is primarily focused on its antioxidant activity, human oxidative response, and the best results as an antioxidant. In this study, you will learn about the CGA stability and health tolerance of green coffee. We will also learn about the effectiveness of CGA for many aspects of its health effects by reviewing recent studies as our intent.

International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research

Analysis of endorphin massage and deep breathing relaxation on reducing back pain in pregnant women

A review of the effectiveness of chlorogenic acid in green coffee for human health