A review of the effectiveness of chlorogenic acid in green coffee for human health Article review
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Jul 10, 2026
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Chlorogenic Acid, Effectiveness, Green Coffee, Health, Review
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Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a polyphenolic compound produced in certain plants, one of which is coffee. Green coffee has a higher CGA number than other types of coffee of the same weight. CGA is a compound that has been shown to be the main component of green coffee. The benefits of CGA as a healthy ingredient have been demonstrated in many studies. This review describes the effectiveness of green coffee CGA in reducing the number of illnesses that are dangerous to human health. In related literature, the effects of CGA have been reported in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials. CGA research in clinical trials is primarily focused on its antioxidant activity, human oxidative response, and the best results as an antioxidant. In this study, you will learn about the CGA stability and health tolerance of green coffee. We will also learn about the effectiveness of CGA for many aspects of its health effects by reviewing recent studies as our intent.
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How to Cite
Fahmi, A., & Wardi, E. S. (2026). A review of the effectiveness of chlorogenic acid in green coffee for human health: Article review. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 4(3), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.35335/ners.v4i3.685
References
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Amirian, M.-E., & Fazilat-Pour, M. (2016). Simple and multivariate relationships between spiritual intelligence with general health and happiness. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(4), 1275–1288.
Asbaghi, O., Sadeghian, M., Nasiri, M., Khodadost, M., Shokri, A., Panahande, B., Pirouzi, A., & Sadeghi, O. (2020). The effects of green coffee extract supplementation on glycemic indices and lipid profile in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of clinical trials. Nutrition Journal, 19(1), 71.
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Dawidowicz, A. L., & Typek, R. (2017). Transformation of chlorogenic acids during the coffee beans roasting process. European Food Research and Technology, 243(3), 379–390.
Ding, F., Ma, B., Nazary-Vannani, A., Kord-Varkaneh, H., Fatahi, S., Papageorgiou, M., Rahmani, J., Poursoleiman, F., do Nascimento, I. J. B., & Li, H. (2020). The effects of green coffee bean extract supplementation on lipid profile in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 30(1), 1–10.
Farah, A., & de Paula Lima, J. (2019). Consumption of chlorogenic acids through coffee and health implications. Beverages, 5(1), 11.
Gil, M., & Wianowska, D. (2017). Chlorogenic acids–their properties, occurrence and analysis. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio AA–Chemia, 72(1).
Gonthier, M.-P., Verny, M.-A., Besson, C., Remesy, C., & Scalbert, A. (2003). Chlorogenic acid bioavailability largely depends on its metabolism by the gut microflora in rats. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(6), 1853–1859.
Grujić-Letić, N., Rakić, B., Šefer, E., Rakić, D., Nedeljković, I., Kladar, N., & Božin, B. (2015). Determination of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) as one of the major classes of chlorogenic acid in commercial tea and coffee samples. Vojnosanitetski Pregled: Military Medical & Pharmaceutical Journal of Serbia, 72(11), 1018.
Haidari, F., Samadi, M., Mohammadshahi, M., Jalali, M. T., & Engali, K. A. (2017). Energy restriction combined with green coffee bean extract affects serum adipocytokines and the body composition in obese women. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 26(6), 1048–1054.
Ilmiawati, C., Fitri, F., Rofinda, Z. D., & Reza, M. (2020). Green coffee extract modifies body weight, serum lipids and TNF-α in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. BMC Research Notes, 13(1), 208.
Khan, F. A., Maalik, A., & Murtaza, G. (2016). Inhibitory mechanism against oxidative stress of caffeic acid. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 24(4), 695–702.
Kondo, Y., Goto, A., Noma, H., Iso, H., Hayashi, K., & Noda, M. (2018). Effects of coffee and tea consumption on glucose metabolism: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Nutrients, 11(1), 48.
Król, K., Gantner, M., Tatarak, A., & Hallmann, E. (2020). The content of polyphenols in coffee beans as roasting, origin and storage effect. European Food Research and Technology, 246(1), 33–39.
Kuzia, N., Ksepka, N., Fernandez, P. M., Poznański, P., Karczewski, J., Wijas, B., Siwiec, D., Petrykowski, S., & Jóźwik, A. (2025). Therapeutic potential of chlorogenic acid in age-associated metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Animal Science Papers and Reports, 43(4), 405–428.
Liang, N., & Kitts, D. D. (2015). Role of chlorogenic acids in controlling oxidative and inflammatory stress conditions. Nutrients, 8(1), 16.
Lu, H., Tian, Z., Cui, Y., Liu, Z., & Ma, X. (2020). Chlorogenic acid: A comprehensive review of the dietary sources, processing effects, bioavailability, beneficial properties, mechanisms of action, and future directions. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 19(6), 3130–3158.
Marković, S., & Tošović, J. (2016). Comparative study of the antioxidative activities of caffeoylquinic and caffeic acids. Food Chemistry, 210, 585–592.
Morvaridi, M., Rayyani, E., Jaafari, M., Khiabani, A., & Rahimlou, M. (2020). The effect of green coffee extract supplementation on cardio metabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 19(1), 645–660.
Narayanaperumal, J., D’souza, A., Miriyala, A., Sharma, B., & Gopal, G. (2022). A randomized double blinded placebo controlled clinical trial for the evaluation of green coffee extract on immune health in healthy adults. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 12(5), 455–465.
Nguyen, V., Taine, E. G., Meng, D., Cui, T., & Tan, W. (2024). Chlorogenic acid: A systematic review on the biological functions, mechanistic actions, and therapeutic potentials. Nutrients, 16(7), 924.
Nikpayam, O., Faghfouri, A. H., Tavakoli-Rouzbehani, O. M., Jalali, S.-M., Najafi, M., & Sohrab, G. (2020). The effect of green coffee extract supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review of clinical trial and in-vivo studies. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), 1521–1528.
Penson, P., Serban, M.-C., Ursoniu, S., & Banach, M. (2018). Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration (LBPMC) Group. Does Coffee Consumption Alter Plasma Lipoprotein (a) Concentrations, 1706–1714.
Pimpley, V., Patil, S., Srinivasan, K., Desai, N., & Murthy, P. S. (2020). The chemistry of chlorogenic acid from green coffee and its role in attenuation of obesity and diabetes. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 50(10), 969–978.
Roshan, H., Nikpayam, O., Sedaghat, M., & Sohrab, G. (2018). Effects of green coffee extract supplementation on anthropometric indices, glycaemic control, blood pressure, lipid profile, insulin resistance and appetite in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised clinical trial. British Journal of Nutrition, 119(3), 250–258.
Shahmohammadi, H. A., Hosseini, S. A., Hajiani, E., Malehi, A. S., & Alipour, M. (2017). Effects of green coffee bean extract supplementation on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial. Hepatitis Monthly, 17(4).
Singh, B., Bodla, R. B., Kumar, A., & Khatri, M. (2020). Green Coffee in Pharmaceutical Industry: A Boon To Mankind. Int. J. Innov. Sci. Eng. Technol, 7, 149–165.
Sun, M., Zhang, Z., Xie, J., Yu, J., Xiong, S., Xiang, F., Ma, X., Yang, C., & Lin, L. (2024). Research progress on the mechanism for improving glucose and lipid metabolism disorders using phenolic acid components from medicinal and edible homologous plants. Molecules, 29(20), 4790.
Surma, S., Romańczyk, M., Zembala, M. O., & Filipiak, K. J. (2023). Coffee and lipid profile: from theory to everyday practice. Folia Cardiologica, 18(1).
Suzuki, A., Nomura, T., Jokura, H., Kitamura, N., Saiki, A., & Fujii, A. (2019). Chlorogenic acid-enriched green coffee bean extract affects arterial stiffness assessed by the cardio-ankle vascular index in healthy men: a pilot study. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 70(7), 901–908.
Tajik, N., Tajik, M., Mack, I., & Enck, P. (2017). The potential effects of chlorogenic acid, the main phenolic components in coffee, on health: a comprehensive review of the literature. European Journal of Nutrition, 56(7), 2215–2244.
Tang, Y.-Z., & Liu, Z.-Q. (2008). Chemical kinetic behavior of chlorogenic acid in protecting erythrocyte and DNA against radical-induced oxidation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(22), 11025–11029.
Torres, T., & Farah, A. (2017). Coffee, maté, açaí and beans are the main contributors to the antioxidant capacity of Brazilian’s diet. European Journal of Nutrition, 56(4), 1523–1533.
Turnbull, D., Rodricks, J. V, Mariano, G. F., & Chowdhury, F. (2017). Caffeine and cardiovascular health. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 89, 165–185.
Volz, N., Boettler, U., Winkler, S., Teller, N., Schwarz, C., Bakuradze, T., Eisenbrand, G., Haupt, L., Griffiths, L. R., & Stiebitz, H. (2012). Effect of coffee combining green coffee bean constituents with typical roasting products on the Nrf2/ARE pathway in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(38), 9631–9641.
Wang, J., Li, J., Liu, J., Xu, M., Tong, X., & Wang, J. (2016). Chlorogenic acid prevents isoproterenol-induced DNA damage in vascular smooth muscle cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 14(5), 4063–4068.
Xue, M., Shi, H., Zhang, J., Liu, Q.-Q., Guan, J., Zhang, J.-Y., & Ma, Q. (2016). Stability and degradation of caffeoylquinic acids under different storage conditions studied by high-performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Molecules, 21(7), 948.
Yin, X., He, X., Wu, L., Yan, D., & Yan, S. (2022). Chlorogenic Acid, the Main Antioxidant in Coffee, Reduces Radiation‐Induced Apoptosis and DNA Damage via NF‐E2‐Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Activation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022(1), 4566949.
Yusni, Y., Yusuf, H., Murzalina, C., & Mahmudati, N. (2026). Synergistic Modulation of Lipid Levels by Coffee and Swimming With Evidence of a Strong Obesity–Dyslipidemia Link: A Preclinical Study. International Journal of Food Science, 2026(1), 8436448.
Zalewska, K., Kulawik, M., Gierszewska, J., Gramala, Z., Kalus, O., Karpiński, M., Maćkowiak, J., Staniewski, A., Szymańska, Z., & Zalewska, B. (2025). Chlorogenic acid’s role in metabolic health: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Nutrients, 17(20), 3303.
Zheng, B., Xiao, X., Wang, Y., Bai, D., Zhen, W., Guo, F., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., & Ma, Y. (2026). The Potential of Chlorogenic Acid in Regulating Oxidative Damage, Lipid Metabolism, and Inflammation in Chickens: A Comprehensive Review. Veterinary Sciences, 13(3), 267.
Zuniga, L. Y., Aceves-de la Mora, M. C. A., González-Ortiz, M., Ramos-Núñez, J. L., & Martínez-Abundis, E. (2018). Effect of chlorogenic acid administration on glycemic control, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Journal of Medicinal Food, 21(5), 469–473.
Aghaei, F., Shadmehri, S., & Darvishvand, Z. P. (2018). Report of Health Care Original Article. Health Care, 4(2), 38–46.
Amigoni, L., Stuknytė, M., Ciaramelli, C., Magoni, C., Bruni, I., De Noni, I., Airoldi, C., Regonesi, M. E., & Palmioli, A. (2017). Green coffee extract enhances oxidative stress resistance and delays aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Journal of Functional Foods, 33, 297–306.
Amirian, M.-E., & Fazilat-Pour, M. (2016). Simple and multivariate relationships between spiritual intelligence with general health and happiness. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(4), 1275–1288.
Asbaghi, O., Sadeghian, M., Nasiri, M., Khodadost, M., Shokri, A., Panahande, B., Pirouzi, A., & Sadeghi, O. (2020). The effects of green coffee extract supplementation on glycemic indices and lipid profile in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of clinical trials. Nutrition Journal, 19(1), 71.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. (2023). Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 24 Tahun 2023 tentang Persyaratan Keamanan dan Mutu Suplemen Kesehatan. Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Republik Indonesia, 1–36.
Dawidowicz, A. L., & Typek, R. (2017). Transformation of chlorogenic acids during the coffee beans roasting process. European Food Research and Technology, 243(3), 379–390.
Ding, F., Ma, B., Nazary-Vannani, A., Kord-Varkaneh, H., Fatahi, S., Papageorgiou, M., Rahmani, J., Poursoleiman, F., do Nascimento, I. J. B., & Li, H. (2020). The effects of green coffee bean extract supplementation on lipid profile in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 30(1), 1–10.
Farah, A., & de Paula Lima, J. (2019). Consumption of chlorogenic acids through coffee and health implications. Beverages, 5(1), 11.
Gil, M., & Wianowska, D. (2017). Chlorogenic acids–their properties, occurrence and analysis. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio AA–Chemia, 72(1).
Gonthier, M.-P., Verny, M.-A., Besson, C., Remesy, C., & Scalbert, A. (2003). Chlorogenic acid bioavailability largely depends on its metabolism by the gut microflora in rats. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(6), 1853–1859.
Grujić-Letić, N., Rakić, B., Šefer, E., Rakić, D., Nedeljković, I., Kladar, N., & Božin, B. (2015). Determination of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) as one of the major classes of chlorogenic acid in commercial tea and coffee samples. Vojnosanitetski Pregled: Military Medical & Pharmaceutical Journal of Serbia, 72(11), 1018.
Haidari, F., Samadi, M., Mohammadshahi, M., Jalali, M. T., & Engali, K. A. (2017). Energy restriction combined with green coffee bean extract affects serum adipocytokines and the body composition in obese women. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 26(6), 1048–1054.
Ilmiawati, C., Fitri, F., Rofinda, Z. D., & Reza, M. (2020). Green coffee extract modifies body weight, serum lipids and TNF-α in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. BMC Research Notes, 13(1), 208.
Khan, F. A., Maalik, A., & Murtaza, G. (2016). Inhibitory mechanism against oxidative stress of caffeic acid. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 24(4), 695–702.
Kondo, Y., Goto, A., Noma, H., Iso, H., Hayashi, K., & Noda, M. (2018). Effects of coffee and tea consumption on glucose metabolism: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Nutrients, 11(1), 48.
Król, K., Gantner, M., Tatarak, A., & Hallmann, E. (2020). The content of polyphenols in coffee beans as roasting, origin and storage effect. European Food Research and Technology, 246(1), 33–39.
Kuzia, N., Ksepka, N., Fernandez, P. M., Poznański, P., Karczewski, J., Wijas, B., Siwiec, D., Petrykowski, S., & Jóźwik, A. (2025). Therapeutic potential of chlorogenic acid in age-associated metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Animal Science Papers and Reports, 43(4), 405–428.
Liang, N., & Kitts, D. D. (2015). Role of chlorogenic acids in controlling oxidative and inflammatory stress conditions. Nutrients, 8(1), 16.
Lu, H., Tian, Z., Cui, Y., Liu, Z., & Ma, X. (2020). Chlorogenic acid: A comprehensive review of the dietary sources, processing effects, bioavailability, beneficial properties, mechanisms of action, and future directions. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 19(6), 3130–3158.
Marković, S., & Tošović, J. (2016). Comparative study of the antioxidative activities of caffeoylquinic and caffeic acids. Food Chemistry, 210, 585–592.
Morvaridi, M., Rayyani, E., Jaafari, M., Khiabani, A., & Rahimlou, M. (2020). The effect of green coffee extract supplementation on cardio metabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 19(1), 645–660.
Narayanaperumal, J., D’souza, A., Miriyala, A., Sharma, B., & Gopal, G. (2022). A randomized double blinded placebo controlled clinical trial for the evaluation of green coffee extract on immune health in healthy adults. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 12(5), 455–465.
Nguyen, V., Taine, E. G., Meng, D., Cui, T., & Tan, W. (2024). Chlorogenic acid: A systematic review on the biological functions, mechanistic actions, and therapeutic potentials. Nutrients, 16(7), 924.
Nikpayam, O., Faghfouri, A. H., Tavakoli-Rouzbehani, O. M., Jalali, S.-M., Najafi, M., & Sohrab, G. (2020). The effect of green coffee extract supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review of clinical trial and in-vivo studies. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), 1521–1528.
Penson, P., Serban, M.-C., Ursoniu, S., & Banach, M. (2018). Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration (LBPMC) Group. Does Coffee Consumption Alter Plasma Lipoprotein (a) Concentrations, 1706–1714.
Pimpley, V., Patil, S., Srinivasan, K., Desai, N., & Murthy, P. S. (2020). The chemistry of chlorogenic acid from green coffee and its role in attenuation of obesity and diabetes. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 50(10), 969–978.
Roshan, H., Nikpayam, O., Sedaghat, M., & Sohrab, G. (2018). Effects of green coffee extract supplementation on anthropometric indices, glycaemic control, blood pressure, lipid profile, insulin resistance and appetite in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised clinical trial. British Journal of Nutrition, 119(3), 250–258.
Shahmohammadi, H. A., Hosseini, S. A., Hajiani, E., Malehi, A. S., & Alipour, M. (2017). Effects of green coffee bean extract supplementation on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial. Hepatitis Monthly, 17(4).
Singh, B., Bodla, R. B., Kumar, A., & Khatri, M. (2020). Green Coffee in Pharmaceutical Industry: A Boon To Mankind. Int. J. Innov. Sci. Eng. Technol, 7, 149–165.
Sun, M., Zhang, Z., Xie, J., Yu, J., Xiong, S., Xiang, F., Ma, X., Yang, C., & Lin, L. (2024). Research progress on the mechanism for improving glucose and lipid metabolism disorders using phenolic acid components from medicinal and edible homologous plants. Molecules, 29(20), 4790.
Surma, S., Romańczyk, M., Zembala, M. O., & Filipiak, K. J. (2023). Coffee and lipid profile: from theory to everyday practice. Folia Cardiologica, 18(1).
Suzuki, A., Nomura, T., Jokura, H., Kitamura, N., Saiki, A., & Fujii, A. (2019). Chlorogenic acid-enriched green coffee bean extract affects arterial stiffness assessed by the cardio-ankle vascular index in healthy men: a pilot study. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 70(7), 901–908.
Tajik, N., Tajik, M., Mack, I., & Enck, P. (2017). The potential effects of chlorogenic acid, the main phenolic components in coffee, on health: a comprehensive review of the literature. European Journal of Nutrition, 56(7), 2215–2244.
Tang, Y.-Z., & Liu, Z.-Q. (2008). Chemical kinetic behavior of chlorogenic acid in protecting erythrocyte and DNA against radical-induced oxidation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(22), 11025–11029.
Torres, T., & Farah, A. (2017). Coffee, maté, açaí and beans are the main contributors to the antioxidant capacity of Brazilian’s diet. European Journal of Nutrition, 56(4), 1523–1533.
Turnbull, D., Rodricks, J. V, Mariano, G. F., & Chowdhury, F. (2017). Caffeine and cardiovascular health. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 89, 165–185.
Volz, N., Boettler, U., Winkler, S., Teller, N., Schwarz, C., Bakuradze, T., Eisenbrand, G., Haupt, L., Griffiths, L. R., & Stiebitz, H. (2012). Effect of coffee combining green coffee bean constituents with typical roasting products on the Nrf2/ARE pathway in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(38), 9631–9641.
Wang, J., Li, J., Liu, J., Xu, M., Tong, X., & Wang, J. (2016). Chlorogenic acid prevents isoproterenol-induced DNA damage in vascular smooth muscle cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 14(5), 4063–4068.
Xue, M., Shi, H., Zhang, J., Liu, Q.-Q., Guan, J., Zhang, J.-Y., & Ma, Q. (2016). Stability and degradation of caffeoylquinic acids under different storage conditions studied by high-performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Molecules, 21(7), 948.
Yin, X., He, X., Wu, L., Yan, D., & Yan, S. (2022). Chlorogenic Acid, the Main Antioxidant in Coffee, Reduces Radiation‐Induced Apoptosis and DNA Damage via NF‐E2‐Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Activation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022(1), 4566949.
Yusni, Y., Yusuf, H., Murzalina, C., & Mahmudati, N. (2026). Synergistic Modulation of Lipid Levels by Coffee and Swimming With Evidence of a Strong Obesity–Dyslipidemia Link: A Preclinical Study. International Journal of Food Science, 2026(1), 8436448.
Zalewska, K., Kulawik, M., Gierszewska, J., Gramala, Z., Kalus, O., Karpiński, M., Maćkowiak, J., Staniewski, A., Szymańska, Z., & Zalewska, B. (2025). Chlorogenic acid’s role in metabolic health: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Nutrients, 17(20), 3303.
Zheng, B., Xiao, X., Wang, Y., Bai, D., Zhen, W., Guo, F., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., & Ma, Y. (2026). The Potential of Chlorogenic Acid in Regulating Oxidative Damage, Lipid Metabolism, and Inflammation in Chickens: A Comprehensive Review. Veterinary Sciences, 13(3), 267.
Zuniga, L. Y., Aceves-de la Mora, M. C. A., González-Ortiz, M., Ramos-Núñez, J. L., & Martínez-Abundis, E. (2018). Effect of chlorogenic acid administration on glycemic control, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Journal of Medicinal Food, 21(5), 469–473.
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