Risk analysis of unsafe actions and unsafe conditions associated with occupational accidents among patchouli oil distillery workers
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Abstract
Traditional patchouli oil distillation exposes workers to heat, pressure, unsafe equipment, and limited safety measures. However, studies have rarely combined worker level statistical evidence on accident related factors with task specific risk prioritization in this industry. This study examined associations between unsafe actions, unsafe conditions, and occupational accidents and identified priority risks and controls. A cross-sectional study included all 130 workers in Benua and Lalembu Districts, South Konawe Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation. Associations were assessed using chi-square tests and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control was used to connect hazard identification and likelihood severity assessment with the selection of practical controls. Overall, 73.8% reported a history of occupational accidents. Burns were most common (42.3%), and opening (58.5%) and closing (57.7%) vessels were the most accident prone activities. Unsafe actions (OR=4.10; 95% CI: 1.69–9.96; p=0.001) and unsafe conditions (OR=2.68; 95% CI: 1.13–6.35; p=0.022) were significantly associated with accidents. HIRADC generated a tas -specific hazard register, risk-priority ranking, and control plan. High priority risks included vessel explosions, hot surfaces, leakage, inadequate maintenance, and absent safety instruments and operating procedures. Integrating statistical association analysis with HIRADC provides a context-specific risk control framework for this understudied industry. The findings support engineering controls, inspections, standard operating procedures, training, supervision, and appropriate personal protective equipment, providing distillery owners and occupational health authorities with practical priorities for preventing severe accidents.
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