The Impact of the Youth Posyandu Program on Anemia Prevention among High School Students in Indonesia
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Abstract
Anemia remains a major public health issue among adolescents in Indonesia, with the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) reporting a prevalence of 32% among those aged 15–24 years. The Youth Posyandu Program (Posyandu Remaja) is a community-based initiative aimed at improving adolescent health through regular screenings, nutritional counseling, iron-folic acid supplementation, and peer-led education. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Youth Posyandu Program on anemia prevention among high school students. A quantitative quasi-experimental design was employed with intervention and control groups. The study involved high school students aged 15–18 years, selected using purposive sampling. The intervention group participated in monthly Youth Posyandu activities for three months, while the control group did not. Data were collected pre- and post-intervention on hemoglobin (Hb) levels, knowledge, attitudes, and supplementation compliance. Hb levels were measured using a portable hemoglobinometer, and KAP data were obtained through a validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. The intervention group’s mean Hb level increased from 11.4 g/dL to 12.6 g/dL (p < 0.001), with anemia prevalence decreasing from 47.8% to 21.5%. The control group showed no significant change. Knowledge scores improved significantly in the intervention group (62.3 to 84.7, p < 0.001), and supplementation compliance reached 87% compared to 39% in the control group. Peer educator involvement was identified as a key factor in enhancing participation and adherence. The Youth Posyandu Program effectively improves hemoglobin levels, reduces anemia prevalence, and enhances adolescent knowledge and health practices. Integrating the program into school health services and expanding its reach could support national efforts to reduce adolescent anemia and promote long-term health.
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