The Effect of Balanced Nutritional Intake on Behavioral and Cognitive Outcomes in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Published:
Dec 30, 2024
Keywords:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Balanced Nutrition, Nutrient Deficiencies, Behavioral Improvements, Cognitive Function
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Abstract
This study investigates the effects of balanced nutritional intake on individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Given the growing interest in the role of nutrition in managing autism symptoms, this research aims to explore how a well-rounded diet impacts behavioral, cognitive, and overall health outcomes in individuals with ASD. The study involved a group of participants who underwent a nutritional intervention designed to address common nutrient deficiencies, such as omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, and zinc. Results indicated significant improvements in behavior, including reduced irritability, hyperactivity, and repetitive behaviors, as well as enhanced cognitive function, attention, and social interaction. Blood tests revealed that the correction of nutrient deficiencies contributed to these improvements. Despite the positive outcomes, variability in individual responses emphasized the need for personalized dietary interventions. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the potential of nutrition as an adjunctive therapy for autism, while highlighting the importance of further studies on long-term effects, individualized approaches, and the integration of nutrition with other therapeutic strategies
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How to Cite
Katerina, H., & Nainggolan, M. S. (2024). The Effect of Balanced Nutritional Intake on Behavioral and Cognitive Outcomes in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. International Journal on Health and Medical Sciences, 3(1), 20–29. Retrieved from https://journals.iarn.or.id/index.php/HealMed/article/view/390
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Casadei, K., & Kiel, J. (2019). Anthropometric measurement.
Cekici, H., & Sanlier, N. (2019). Current nutritional approaches in managing autism spectrum disorder: A review. Nutritional Neuroscience, 22(3), 145–155.
Clifton, L., & Clifton, D. A. (2019). The correlation between baseline score and post-intervention score, and its implications for statistical analysis. Trials, 20, 1–6.
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Ilmonen, J., Isolauri, E., Poussa, T., & Laitinen, K. (2011). Impact of dietary counselling and probiotic intervention on maternal anthropometric measurements during and after pregnancy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition, 30(2), 156–164.
Ioannidis, J. P. A., Evans, S. J. W., Gøtzsche, P. C., O’neill, R. T., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K., Moher, D., & Group*, C. (2004). Better reporting of harms in randomized trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 141(10), 781–788.
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Livingstone, M. B. E., & Robson, P. J. (2000). Measurement of dietary intake in children. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 59(2), 279–293.
Lohr, K. N. (2002). Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Quality of Life Research, 11, 193–205.
Mari-Bauset, S., Zazpe, I., Mari-Sanchis, A., Llopis-González, A., & Morales-Suarez-Varela, M. (2014). Evidence of the gluten-free and casein-free diet in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Journal of Child Neurology, 29(12), 1718–1727.
Merriman, N. A., Sexton, E., McCabe, G., Walsh, M. E., Rohde, D., Gorman, A., Jeffares, I., Donnelly, N.-A., Pender, N., & Williams, D. J. (2019). Addressing cognitive impairment following stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomised controlled studies of psychological interventions. BMJ Open, 9(2), e024429.
Meyers, L. D., Hellwig, J. P., & Otten, J. J. (2006). Dietary reference intakes: the essential guide to nutrient requirements. National Academies Press.
Morgan, E. H., Schoonees, A., Sriram, U., Faure, M., & Seguin‐Fowler, R. A. (2020). Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children’s dietary intake and physical activity behaviors. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1.
Moser, A., & Korstjens, I. (2018). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 3: Sampling, data collection and analysis. European Journal of General Practice, 24(1), 9–18.
Mozaffarian, D. (2016). Dietary and policy priorities for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity: a comprehensive review. Circulation, 133(2), 187–225.
Nosek, B. A., Banaji, M. R., & Greenwald, A. G. (2002). E‐research: Ethics, security, design, and control in psychological research on the Internet. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 161–176.
Perdew, M. (2019). A quasi-experimental trial addressing family eating practices using an interactive family-based healthy weights intervention: short-term (10-week) outcomes.
Schaefer, G. B. (2016). Clinical genetic aspects of autism spectrum disorders. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(2), 180.
Sharp, W. G., Berry, R. C., McCracken, C., Nuhu, N. N., Marvel, E., Saulnier, C. A., Klin, A., Jones, W., & Jaquess, D. L. (2013). Feeding problems and nutrient intake in children with autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis and comprehensive review of the literature. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 2159–2173.
Association, W. M. (2001). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79(4), 373.
Baird, G., & Norbury, C. F. (2016). Social (pragmatic) communication disorders and autism spectrum disorder. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 101(8), 745–751.
Bourre, J.-M. (2006). Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and function of the nervous system: update on dietary requirements for brain. Part 1: micronutrients. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 10(5), 377.
Casadei, K., & Kiel, J. (2019). Anthropometric measurement.
Cekici, H., & Sanlier, N. (2019). Current nutritional approaches in managing autism spectrum disorder: A review. Nutritional Neuroscience, 22(3), 145–155.
Clifton, L., & Clifton, D. A. (2019). The correlation between baseline score and post-intervention score, and its implications for statistical analysis. Trials, 20, 1–6.
G. Kent, R., J. Carrington, S., Le Couteur, A., Gould, J., Wing, L., Maljaars, J., Noens, I., van Berckelaer‐Onnes, I., & R. Leekam, S. (2013). Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder: Who will get a DSM‐5 diagnosis? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(11), 1242–1250.
Ilmonen, J., Isolauri, E., Poussa, T., & Laitinen, K. (2011). Impact of dietary counselling and probiotic intervention on maternal anthropometric measurements during and after pregnancy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition, 30(2), 156–164.
Ioannidis, J. P. A., Evans, S. J. W., Gøtzsche, P. C., O’neill, R. T., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K., Moher, D., & Group*, C. (2004). Better reporting of harms in randomized trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 141(10), 781–788.
Karhu, E., Zukerman, R., Eshraghi, R. S., Mittal, J., Deth, R. C., Castejon, A. M., Trivedi, M., Mittal, R., & Eshraghi, A. A. (2020). Nutritional interventions for autism spectrum disorder. Nutrition Reviews, 78(7), 515–531.
Kidd, P. M. (2002). Autism, an extreme challenge to integrative medicine. Part II: Medical management. Alternative Medicine Review, 7(6), 472–499.
Lenroot, R. K., & Yeung, P. K. (2013). Heterogeneity within autism spectrum disorders: what have we learned from neuroimaging studies? Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 733.
Livingstone, M. B. E., & Robson, P. J. (2000). Measurement of dietary intake in children. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 59(2), 279–293.
Lohr, K. N. (2002). Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Quality of Life Research, 11, 193–205.
Mari-Bauset, S., Zazpe, I., Mari-Sanchis, A., Llopis-González, A., & Morales-Suarez-Varela, M. (2014). Evidence of the gluten-free and casein-free diet in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Journal of Child Neurology, 29(12), 1718–1727.
Merriman, N. A., Sexton, E., McCabe, G., Walsh, M. E., Rohde, D., Gorman, A., Jeffares, I., Donnelly, N.-A., Pender, N., & Williams, D. J. (2019). Addressing cognitive impairment following stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomised controlled studies of psychological interventions. BMJ Open, 9(2), e024429.
Meyers, L. D., Hellwig, J. P., & Otten, J. J. (2006). Dietary reference intakes: the essential guide to nutrient requirements. National Academies Press.
Morgan, E. H., Schoonees, A., Sriram, U., Faure, M., & Seguin‐Fowler, R. A. (2020). Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children’s dietary intake and physical activity behaviors. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1.
Moser, A., & Korstjens, I. (2018). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 3: Sampling, data collection and analysis. European Journal of General Practice, 24(1), 9–18.
Mozaffarian, D. (2016). Dietary and policy priorities for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity: a comprehensive review. Circulation, 133(2), 187–225.
Nosek, B. A., Banaji, M. R., & Greenwald, A. G. (2002). E‐research: Ethics, security, design, and control in psychological research on the Internet. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 161–176.
Perdew, M. (2019). A quasi-experimental trial addressing family eating practices using an interactive family-based healthy weights intervention: short-term (10-week) outcomes.
Schaefer, G. B. (2016). Clinical genetic aspects of autism spectrum disorders. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(2), 180.
Sharp, W. G., Berry, R. C., McCracken, C., Nuhu, N. N., Marvel, E., Saulnier, C. A., Klin, A., Jones, W., & Jaquess, D. L. (2013). Feeding problems and nutrient intake in children with autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis and comprehensive review of the literature. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 2159–2173.
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